Pengertian Irregular Verb dan Regular Verb
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata kerja (verb) merupakan bagian penting dalam pembentukan kalimat. Salah satu hal yang wajib dipahami oleh pemula hingga tingkat mahir adalah perbedaan antara Regular Verb dan Irregular Verb, terutama saat digunakan dalam bentuk lampau (past tense) dan past participle. Memahami dua jenis verb ini akan membantu Anda menulis dan berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan lebih tepat dan natural.
Apa Itu Regular Verb?
Regular verb adalah kata kerja yang mengikuti pola baku saat berubah menjadi bentuk lampau, yaitu dengan menambahkan -ed atau -d di akhir kata.
Ciri-ciri Regular Verb
- Penambahan -ed untuk sebagian besar kata kerja.
Contoh: play → played, wash → washed - Jika kata kerja berakhiran huruf e, cukup tambahkan -d.
Contoh: love → loved - Jika berakhiran konsonan + y, ubah y → i lalu tambahkan -ed.
Contoh: study → studied
Contoh Regular Verb
| Verb (Present) | Past Tense | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| work | worked | worked |
| clean | cleaned | cleaned |
| open | opened | opened |
| talk | talked | talked |
Regular verb mudah dipelajari karena menggunakan pola yang sama pada seluruh kata.
Apa Itu Irregular Verb?
Irregular verb adalah kata kerja yang tidak mengikuti pola baku dalam pembentukan past tense ataupun past participle. Bentuk lampau kata kerja ini harus dihafalkan karena berbeda-beda.
Ciri-ciri Irregular Verb
- Tidak menggunakan akhiran -ed
- Bentuk past tense dan past participle bisa sama atau berbeda
- Perubahan bentuk tidak memiliki aturan khusus
Contoh Irregular Verb
| Verb (Present) | Past Tense | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| buy | bought | bought |
| see | saw | seen |
| come | came | come |
Karena tidak memiliki pola tertentu, irregular verbs sering dianggap lebih sulit dan harus dipelajari melalui latihan dan hafalan.
Perbedaan Regular dan Irregular Verb
| Perbedaan | Regular Verb | Irregular Verb |
|---|---|---|
| Pola perubahan | Menggunakan -ed / -d | Tidak ada pola khusus |
| Kemudahan | Lebih mudah ditentukan | Harus dihafalkan |
| Jumlah | Ribuan | Ratusan |
| Contoh | work → worked | go → went |
Mengapa Penting Memahami Keduanya?
- Untuk membuat kalimat Past Tense yang benar
Contoh:- I worked yesterday. (regular)
- I went to school yesterday. (irregular)
- Untuk menulis grammar yang tepat dalam teks formal maupun informal
- Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan speaking dan writing
- Untuk memahami bacaan (reading) yang sering menggunakan bentuk past
Tips Mudah Mempelajari Irregular Verb
- Hafalkan secara bertahap (per 10 kata)
- Gunakan dalam kalimat sehari-hari
- Buat daftar verb yang sering muncul
- Gunakan aplikasi latihan grammar atau flashcard
- Baca teks bahasa Inggris dan tandai verb yang berubah bentuk
Irregular Verb
| Verb 1 | Verb 2 | Verb 3 | Arti |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | |||
| arise | arose | arisen | muncul |
| awake | awoke | awoken | bangun |
| B | |||
| be | was/were | been | |
| bear | bore | born | menanggung, melahirkan |
| beat | beat | beat | memukul |
| become | became | become | menjadi |
| befall | befell | befallen | menimpa |
| beget | begot | begotten | menurunkan |
| begin | began | begun | mulai |
| bend | bent | bent | membengkokan/ menekuk |
| bereave | bereft | bereft | kehilangan |
| beseech | besought | besought | memohon |
| bet | bet | bet | bertaruh |
| bid | bid | bid | menawar |
| bind | bound | bound | mengikat, menjilid |
| bite | bit | bitten | menggigit |
| bleed | bled | bled | berdarah, berkorban |
| blow | blew | blown | meniup |
| break | broke | broken | memecahkan, mematahkan |
| breed | bred | bred | berkembang biak, membiakkan, memelihara |
| bring | brought | brought | membawa |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | menyiarkan |
| browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten | menggertak |
| build | built | built | membangun |
| burn | burnt, burned | burnt, burned | membakar |
| burst | burst | burst | meledak |
| buy | bought | bought | membeli |
| C | |||
| cast | cast | cast | melempar, memberikan peran |
| catch | caught | caught | menangkap |
| choose | chose | chosen | memilih |
| cling | clung | clung | berpegang teguh |
| come | came | come | datang |
| cost | cost | cost | berharga |
| creep | crept | crept | merayap/ merangkak |
| cut | cut | cut | memotong, menggunting |
| D & E | |||
| deal | dealt | dealt | berurusan |
| dig | dug | dug | menggali |
| do | did | done | melakukan |
| draw | drew | drawn | menggambar |
| dream | dreamt | dreamt | bermimpi |
| drink | drank | drunk | minum |
| drive | drove | driven | mengendarai |
| eat | ate | eaten | makan |
| F | |||
| fall | fell | fallen | jatuh |
| feed | fed | fed | memberi makan |
| feel | felt | felt | merasakan |
| fight | fought | fought | berjuang, berkelahi |
| find | found | found | menemukan |
| fit | fit/fitted | fit/fitted | mencocokkan |
| flee | fled | fled | melarikan diri |
| fling | flung | flung | menjebloskan |
| fly | flew | flown | terbang |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | melarang |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | meramalkan |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | maramalkan |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | lupa, melupakan |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | memaafkan |
| forgo | forwent | forgone | meninggalkan kebiasaan |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | meninggalkan |
| freeze | froze | frozen | membeku |
| G | |||
| get | got | gotten | mendapatkan |
| give | gave | given | memberi |
| go | went | gone | pergi |
| grind | ground | ground | menggerindra/menggiling |
| grow | grew | grown | tumbuh |
| H & K | |||
| hang | hung | hung | menggantung/menggantungkan |
| have | had | had | mempunyai |
| hear | heard | heard | mendengar |
| hide | hid | hidden | menyembunyikan/bersembunyi |
| hit | hit | hit | memukul, menabrak |
| hold | held | held | memegang, menahan, mengadakan |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | menyakiti |
| keep | kept | kept | menjaga |
| kneel | knelt, kneeled | knelt, kneeled | berlutut |
| know | knew | known | mengetahui |
| L | |||
| lay | laid | laid | meletakkan |
| lead | led | led | memimpin |
| lean | leant, leaned | leant, leaned | menyandarkan, bersandar |
| leap | leapt, leaped | leapt, leaped | lompat/ meloncat |
| learn | learnt, learned | learnt, learned | belajar |
| leave | left | left | meninggalkan |
| lend | lent | lent | meminjamkan |
| let | let | let | membiarkan |
| lie | lay | lain | berbaring, berbohong |
| light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted | menerangi |
| lose | lost | lost | kehilangan, kalah |
| M | |||
| make | made | made | membuat |
| mean | meant | meant | bermaksud |
| meet | met | met | bertemu |
| mislay | mislaid | mislaid | salah meletakkan |
| mislead | misled | misled | menyesatkan |
| misread | misread | misread | salah membaca |
| misspeak | misspoke | misspoken | salah bicara |
| misspell | misspelt, misspelled | misspelt, misspelled | salah mengeja |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | salah paham |
| mow | mowed | mown, mowed | memotong rumput |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | salah mengira |
| O | |||
| offset | offset | offset | mengimbangi |
| outbid | outbid | outbid | mengalahkan dalam menawar |
| outdo | outdid | outdone | mengalahkan |
| outdraw | outdrew | outdrawn | menarik lebih banyak orang |
| outdrive | outdrove | outdriven | mengendarai lebih baik/lebih cepat |
| outfight | outfought | outfought | mengalahkan dalam perkelahian |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown | menjadi lebih besar, mengatasi |
| output | output | output | menghasilkan data |
| outride | outrode | outridden | menunggangi lebih baik, cepat, dan jauh. |
| outrun | outran | outrun | berlari lebih cepat |
| outsell | outsold | outsold | menjual lebih banyak |
| outshine | outshone | outshone | lebih cemerlang/pandai |
| overbuild | overbuilt | overbuilt | membangun tambahan |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | mengatasi |
| overdo | overdid | overdone | melebih-lebihkan |
| overhang | overhung | overhung | bergantung |
| overhear | overheard | overheard | menguping |
| overlay | overlaid | overlaid | melapisi, membebani |
| overpay | overpaid | overpaid | membayar lebih banyak |
| override | overrode | overridden | mengesampingkan, menolak |
| overrun | overran | overrun | menyerbu, mengerumuni |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen | mengawasi |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept | bangun kesiangan |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken | menyusul, mengejar |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown | menjatuhkan, merobohkan |
| P, Q & R | |||
| pay | paid | paid | membayar |
| prove | proved | proven, proved | membuktikan |
| put | put | put | meletakkan |
| quit | quit | quit | berhenti, meninggalkan |
| read | read | read | membaca |
| rebind | rebound | rebound | menjilid kembali |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | membangun kembali |
| repay | repaid | repaid | membayar kembali |
| rethink | rethought | rethought | memikirkan kembali |
| rewind | rewound | rewound | memutar ulang |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | menulis kembali |
| rid | rid | rid | membersihkan |
| ride | rode | ridden | naik, menunggang |
| ring | rang | rung | berdering |
| rise | rose | risen | terbit, naik |
| run | ran | run | berlari, menjalankan |
| S | |||
| saw | sawed | sawn, sawed | menggergaji |
| say | said | said | mengatakan |
| see | saw | seen | melihat |
| seek | sought | sought | mencari |
| sell | sold | sold | menjual |
| send | sent | sent | mengirim |
| set | set | set | menaruh, mengatur |
| sew | sewed | sewn, sewed | menjahit |
| shake | shook | shook | menggoncangkan, mengocok |
| shear | sheared | shorn, sheared | mencukur |
| shed | shed | shed | menumpahkan |
| shine | shone | shone | bersinar, bercahaya |
| shoe | shod | shod | memasangi ladam |
| shoot | shot | shot | menembak |
| show | showed | shown, showed | menunjukan |
| shrink | shrank, shrunk | shrunk | menyusut |
| shut | shut | shut | menutup, mengunci |
| sing | sang | sung | menyanyi |
| sink | sank | sunk | menenggelamkan |
| sit | sat | sat | duduk |
| slay | slew | slain | membunuh |
| sleep | slept | slept | tidur |
| slide | slid | slid | meluncur |
| sling | slung | slung | menyandang |
| slink | slunk | slunk | menyelinap (masuk) |
| slit | slit | slit | menggorok, membelah |
| smell | smelt, smelled | smelt, smelled | mencium, berbau |
| sow | sowed | sown, sowed | menabur |
| speak | spoke | spoken | berbicara |
| speed | sped, speeded | sped, speeded | mempercepat |
| spell | spelt, spelled | spelt, spelled | mengeja |
| spend | spent | spent | menghabiskan |
| spill | spilt, spilled | spilt, spilled | menumpahkan |
| spin | spun | spun | memutar, memusingkan |
| spit | spat, spit | spat, spit | meludah |
| split | split | split | membagi, membelah |
| spoil | spoilt, spoiled | spoilt, spoiled | merusak, memanjakan |
| spread | spread | spread | menyebar |
| spring | sprang | sprung | muncul, meloncat |
| stand | stood | stood | berdiri |
| steal | stole | stolen | mencuri |
| stick | stuck | stuck | menempelkan |
| sting | stung | stung | menyengat |
| stink | stank, stunk | stunk | berbau busuk |
| stride | strode | stridden | melangkahi |
| string | strung | strung | memasang tali |
| strive | strove | striven | berjuang, bekerja keras |
| swear | swore | sworn | bersumpah |
| sweep | swept | swept | menyapu |
| swell | swelled | swolled, swelled | membengkak |
| swim | swam | swum | berenang |
| swing | swung | swung | menganyun |
| T | |||
| take | took | taken | mengambil |
| teach | taught | taught | mengajar |
| tear | tore | torn | merobek, mencabik |
| tell | told | told | menceritakan, mengatakan |
| think | thought | thought | berpikir |
| thrive | thrived, throve | thrived | berkembang |
| throw | threw | thrown | melempar |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | mendorong, memasukkan |
| tread | trod | trodden | memijak, menginjak |
| U | |||
| undergo | underwent | undergone | menjalani, mengalami |
| underlie | underlay | underlain | mendasari |
| understand | understood | understood | mengerti |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | menjalankan, mengerjakan |
| undo | undid | undone | |
| unwind | unwound | unwound | beristirahat |
| uphold | upheld | upheld | menegakkan |
| upset | upset | upset | mengganggu, mengacaukan |
| W | |||
| wake | woke | woken | bangun |
| wear | wore | worn | memakai |
| weave | wove, weaved | woven, weaved | menenun, menganyam |
| weep | wept | wept | menangis |
| wet | wet, wetted | wet, wetted | membasahi |
| win | won | won | menang |
| wind | wound | wound | melilit, mencium |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | manarik diri |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | meyembunyikan, menahan uang utk membayar |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | menahan, bertahan |
| wring | wrung | wrung | memeras |
| write | wrote | written | menulis |